Iota carrageenan nasal spray amazon series#
Samples were 10-fold serially diluted in 2%-DMEM to give a dilution series from 10 −1 to 10 −6 and cells infected for 1 h at 37 ☌, 5% CO 2. All assays were conducted using DMEM supplemented with 2% heat-inactivated FBS and 50 µg/mL gentamycin (2%-DMEM).įor plaque assays, Vero A/T cells were seeded at 1 × 10 5/well in 12-well plates 18 h prior to use. SARS-CoV-2 stocks were grown in standard VeroE6 cells in the presence of 2% FBS. All SARS-CoV-2 work was carried out in an approved Category 3 facility. VeroE6 cells expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (Vero A/T) were maintained at 37 ☌, 5% CO 2 in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS). We show that the virus infection and release from cells was independent of virus variant and inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with the optimum dose of 6.4 mg/3.5 cm 2 inhibiting virus release over a 72 h period. To improve the evidence for HPMC-based products, we assessed three HPMC-based nasal sprays from Nasaleze International Limited for their ability to block both infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the release of virus from cells previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. HPMC has been less well studied but has recently shown efficacy against coronavirus 229E and the ability to block allergens such as pollen. Furthermore, clinical studies have demonstrated the potential to reduce the disease burden, revealing the potential of nasal sprays in real-world scenarios. Carrageenan has been well studied in vitro, with formulations demonstrating an ability to block SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection. These passive barriers are generated via semi-synthetic or natural gelling agents such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or carrageenan.
While a number of products incorporate small drug molecules or reactive species-for example, reactive oxygen and nitric oxide -that actively target the virus, many rely on the creation of a physical barrier capable of blocking virus uptake.
Over-the-counter nasal sprays offer an additional measure for both the prevention of infection, and the spread thereafter, of respiratory pathogens. This has formed the scientific basis for many of the non-pharmaceutical interventions in the fight against COVID-19, such as mask wearing and maintaining a social distance of at least 2 metres. Current evidence suggests that airborne and droplet particle transmission via direct contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth is a likely form of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Transmission can occur in one of two ways: (1) virus-loaded droplets exhaled from an infected person coming into contact with the eyes, nose, or mouth of an uninfected person or (2) droplets that have settled on surfaces and are subsequently transferred to an uninfected person’s hands, who then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth. The transmission of respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, from person to person occurs during activities such as sneezing, coughing, and talking, via the generation of aerosols that contain droplets of varying sizes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a large, enveloped virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family and is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that has, to date, infected over 194 million people and caused more than 4 million deaths worldwide ( (accessed on 23 September 2021)). We conclude that HPMC-based nasal sprays may offer an additional component to strategies to limit the spread of respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
However, the addition of wild garlic provided additional direct antiviral properties in some formulations. The primary mechanism of action appears to be via the formation of a physical, passive barrier. We also show that the pre-treatment of cells with product inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection, independent of the virus variant. We found that virus release from cells previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 was inhibited by the gel matrix product in a dose-dependent manner, with virus levels reduced by >99.99% over a 72 h period at a dose of 6.4 mg/3.5 cm 2. Upon application, the HPMC powder forms a gel-like matrix within the nasal cavity-a process we recapitulated in cell culture.
In this study, we assessed the ability of three hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based powder nasal sprays, produced by Nasaleze, to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and release in vitro. One such option is over-the-counter nasal sprays that aim to block virus entry and transmission within the nasal cavity. The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has required a variety of non-medical interventions to limit the transmission of the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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